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Viral gastroenteritis (Gastro-Enter-eye,tiss),〔http://www.merriam-webster.com/〕 also called stomach flu,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gastroenteritis )〕 gastric flu, and stomach virus, is an infection caused by a variety of viruses that results in vomiting & diarrhea. Viruses that are known to cause gastroenteritis include the genus ''Rotavirus'', the genus ''Norovirus'', the genus ''Sapovirus'', the family ''Adenovirus'', and the family ''Astrovirus''.〔 〕〔 〕 The genus ''Rotavirus'' is the most common cause of diarrhoea and sickness among infants and children worldwide. The genus ''Norovirus'' or the species ''Norwalk virus'' is the leading cause of gastroenteritis among adults in America, causing greater than 90% of outbreaks.〔 These localized epidemics typically occur when groups of people spend time in close physical proximity to each other, such as on cruise ships,〔 in hospitals, schools or in restaurants.〔 〕 People may remain infectious even after their diarrhea has ended.〔 The virus can be spread through close contact with an infected person such as with their vomit, faeces or contaminated skin or a contaminated surface, or through spoiled or poorly cooked or contaminated food or beverages/water as well as through aerosolised vomit particles. Symptoms begin 24 to 48 hours after infection and range from long-term and intense abdominal pain and nausea to vomiting and diarrhoea. People typically recover in 24 to 72 hours and should rest, eat non-fatty foods that produce little gas, and drink plenty of liquids to prevent dehydration. Viral gastroenteritis is contagious. Until symptoms subside, the sick person should avoid contact with others as much as possible. It is not recommended that they take over-the-counter anti-nausea, anti-diarrhea, anti-inflammatory, or other common medicines (such as acetaminophen) as they can further irritate the stomach. Although frequent hand washing is recommended for all forms of gastroenteritis, and handwashing prevents transmission of some forms of gastroenteritis (norovirus), it does not necessarily prevent all forms (rotavirus). If symptoms persist for more than 6 days, it is advisable to consult a doctor. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Viral gastroenteritis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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